What type of load factor is determined by measuring bank volume and swell percentage?

The bulk load factor is the correct answer because it specifically relates to the measurement of bank volume and the swell percentage of materials. This factor is essential in construction and excavation contexts as it determines how much material will increase in volume when excavated due to air being introduced into the previously compacted earth or material. The swell percentage represents the increase in volume from the in-situ (or bank) state to the loose state, which directly influences the efficiency and cost calculations for moving and using loose material.

Understanding the bulk load factor allows contractors to accurately assess and manage material quantities, ensuring that they account for volume changes when estimating the amount of material needed for a project. This is particularly important in residential contracting, where material costs can significantly impact the project's overall budget and success.