What phenomenon involves water leaking into walls and ceiling areas due to freeze/thaw cycles of snow?

The phenomenon that involves water leaking into walls and ceiling areas due to freeze/thaw cycles of snow is ice dams. Ice dams form when snow on a roof melts and then refreezes at the eaves, creating a barrier. As additional snow melts, the water cannot drain properly and can back up under the shingles, leading to leaks within the walls and ceilings of a structure. This cycle is particularly problematic in colder climates where alternating temperatures cause significant melting during the day and refreezing overnight.

Understanding this process is crucial for residential contractors, as it highlights the importance of proper insulation and ventilation in roof design to prevent ice dam formation. It also emphasizes the need for regular maintenance to ensure that gutters and downspouts are not obstructed, allowing for proper drainage to mitigate potential water damage.